The Applicant Pool Increased At 57 % Of Business Schools...

In 2015, the applicant pool increased at 57% of business schools worldwide (Gellman). Today, a Masters of Business Administration defines a businessperson and unlocks the doors to the financial world. Modern business hinges on education, but when formal schooling was not widely available, artists considered other factors integral to a flourishing businessman and financial success. Authors, playwrights, and filmmakers recognized the value of formal education, but imagined experience, social dexterity, and observation as the bedrock of economic prosperity. If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody, Roxana, and Working Girl depict a menagerie of educational backgrounds. Although she is literate and skilled in conversation, Roxana has received no formal education in business. In Post-Renaissance England, Thomas Gresham would most likely have attended only grammar school and apprenticed with a businessman. By far, the characters in Working Girl are the most formally schooled. Tess graduated from business school with honors, and Jack Trainor received Ivy League degrees. Despite varying levels of knowledge and education, these characters are economically successful, suggesting that financial security comes from other dimensions of human knowledge. Through Thomas Gresham and Hobson, Thomas Heywood argues that fiscal education is based on observation, experience, and the ability to assimilate economic innovation with traditional power structures. Walking through Dr. Nowell’s gallery,

The Five Sense Organs in Human Beings Free Essays

The Five Sense Organs in Human Beings The sense organs — eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose — help to protect the body. The human sense organs contain receptors that relay information through sensory neurons to the appropriate places within the nervous system. Each sense organ contains different receptors. We will write a custom essay sample on The Five Sense Organs in Human Beings or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢General receptors are found throughout the body because they are present in skin, visceral organs (visceral meaning in the abdominal cavity), muscles, and joints. Special receptors include chemoreceptors (chemical receptors) found in the mouth and nose, photoreceptors (light receptors) found in the eyes, and mechanoreceptors found in the ears. Oooh, that smell: Olfaction Olfactory cells line the top of your nasal cavity. On one end, olfactory cells have cilia — hair-like attachments — that project into the nasal cavity. On the other end of the cell, are olfactory nerve fibers, which pass through the ethmoid bone and into the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is directly attached to the cerebral cortex of your brain. As you breathe, anything that is in the air that you take in enters your nasal cavity: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, dust, pollen, chemicals. You don’t â€Å"smell† air or dust or pollen, but you can smell chemicals. The olfactory cells are chemoreceptors, which means the olfactory cells have protein receptors that can detect subtle differences in chemicals. The chemicals bind to the cilia, which generate a nerve impulse that is carried through the olfactory cell, into the olfactory nerve fiber, up to the olfactory bulb and to your brain. Your brain determines what you are smelling. If you are sniffing something that you haven’t experienced before, you need to use another sense, such as taste or sight, to make an imprint in your brain’s memory. Mmm, mmm, good: Taste The senses of smell and taste work closely together. If you cannot smell something, you cannot taste it, either. Taste buds on your tongue contain chemoreceptors that work in a similar fashion to the chemoreceptors in the nasal cavity. However, the chemoreceptors in the nose will detect any kind of smell, whereas there are four different types of taste buds, and each detects different types of tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. A common misconception is that the little bumps on your tongue are the taste buds. As with all misconceptions, this idea is wrong, too. The little bumps on your tongue are called papillae, and the taste buds actually lie down in the grooves between each papilla. Foods contain chemicals, and when you put something into your mouth, the taste buds in your tongue can detect what chemicals you are ingesting. Each taste bud has a pore at one end with microvilli sticking out of the pore, and sensory nerve fibers attached to the other end. Chemicals from food bind to the microvilli, generating a nerve impulse that is carried through the sensory nerve fibers and eventually to the brain. Now hear this: Sound The ear not only is the organ of hearing, but it also is responsible for maintaining equilibrium — or balance. To maintain equilibrium, the ear must detect movement. To hear, the ear must respond to mechanical stimulation by sound waves. The outer ear is the external opening to the ear canal. Sound waves are shuttled through the ear canal to the middle ear. The eardrum sets the mechanics in motion: 1. When a sound wave hits the eardrum, the eardrum moves tiny bones — the malleus, incus, and stapes — which subsequently move. 2. This movement is picked up by the mechanoreceptors in the inner ear, which exist on hair cells containing cilia between the end of the semicircular canals and the vestibule. 3. When the cilia move, the cells create an impulse that is sent through the cochlea to the eighth cranial nerve, which carries the impulse to the brain. 4. The brain then interprets the information as a specific sound. The fluid within the semicircular canals of the inner ear moves, and that movement is ultimately detected by the cilia. When the fluid doesn’t stop moving, you can develop motion sickness. The cilia transmit impulses to the brain about angular and rotational movement, as well as movement through vertical and horizontal planes, which helps your body to keep its balance. Seeing is believing: Sight When you look at an eye, the iris is the colored part. The iris actually is a pigmented muscle that controls the size of the pupil, which dilates to allow more light into the eye or contracts to allow less light into the eye. The iris and pupil are covered by the cornea. Behind the pupil is an anterior chamber. Behind the anterior chamber is the lens. The ciliary body contains a small muscle that connects to the lens and the iris. The ciliary muscle changes the shape of the lens to adjust for far or near vision. The lens flattens to see farther away, and it becomes rounded for near vision. The process of changing the shape of the lens is called accommodation. People lose the ability of accommodation as they grow older, prompting the need for glasses. Behind the lens of the eye is the vitreous body, which is filled with a gelatinous material called vitreous humor. This substance gives shape to the eyeball and also transmits light to the very back of the eyeball, where the retina lies. The retina contains photoreceptors, which detect light. Two types of sensors detect light: †¢Rods detect motion. The rods work harder in low light. †¢Cones detect fine detail and color. The cones work best in bright light. There are three types of cones: one that detects blue, one that detects red, and one that detects green. Color blindness occurs when one type of cone is lacking. When light strikes the rods and cones, nerve impulses are generated. The impulse travels to two types of neurons: first to bipolar cells and then to ganglionic cells. The axons of ganglionic cells form the optic nerve. The optic nerve carries the impulse directly to the brain. Approximately 150 million rods are in a retina, but only 1 million ganglionic cells and nerve fibers are there, which means that many more rods can be stimulated than there are cells and nerve fibers to carry the impulses. Your eye must combine â€Å"messages† before the impulses are sent to the brain. A touchy-feely subject: Touch The skin contains general receptors. These receptors can detect touch, pain, pressure, and temperature. Throughout your skin, you have all four of these receptors interspersed. Skin receptors generate an impulse when activated, which is carried to the spinal cord and then to the brain. The skin is not the only tissue in the body to have receptors, however. Your organs, which are made of tissues, also have receptors. Joints, ligaments, and tendons contain proprioceptors, which detect the position and movement of the limbs. How to cite The Five Sense Organs in Human Beings, Papers

Joystick Controlled Steering Mechanism Vehicle †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Joystick Controlled Steering Mechanism Vehicle. Answer: Introduction In this particular paper, a robotic vehicle with a steering mechanism is being proposed. The vehicles are used of smart steering system which permits to steer with effortlessness. The steering mechanism builds smart use of motors to attain the movement of vehicle into further backward and rotating left or right. The steering system utilizes of joystick to control the movement of vehicle by means of RF transmission (Saha et al. 2015). The main focus of this project is to lessen effort of driving for the handicapped person. The project study is based on analyzing a steering mechanism for the disabled people those are facing problems while driving cars. Literature part reviews the work that has already carried out by other researchers. The research is based on identified questions and objectives to meet with study requirements. Theoretical approaches are also analyzed used for collect information for this study. Experimental set up is done and their results and outcome are analyzed to meet project aims. Proper planning is done to deliver work in 8 weeks. State-of-the-art/Literature Review Zheng, Hu and Yang (2016) described that there are people those are not do their day-to-day activities due to disability, therefore they are used of wheelchair that is automated and required less time. It is done by providing joystick to them which is displaced by the user towards the direction they want to go. When the steering motion of wheel is being replaced by joystick, then it becomes easily and effortless to drive (Bowman et al. 2015). The steering wheel is being replaced by assembly of the joystick, electric motor as well as gear box. It provides signal to control unit that is forwarded to the motor. The torque of the motor is being magnified by gear box and its output is being interconnected with the steering column. Rosenberg (2017) stated that when the user wants to move from one place to another, then he pointed to the location where they desire to move and the wheel chair positions towards the location automatically. Riefe and Schulz (2017) argued that the joystick manag es rate of change of the steering angle in its place of straightforwardly change the angle of steering. By making a displacement of the joystick at a constant rate, the steering angle is increased continuously. The joystick brings to origin that is at center place, and then there is a change into steering angle. Naboulsi (2017) cited that in order to get highest steering deviation, the joystick is hold away from the center for longer time. The key significant advantage of this system is to attain sensitivity for controlling over larger range of dislocation of the joystick. The conventional steering system is performed as power system for the handicapped people (Choromanski, Grabarek Koz?owski 2015). Two types of joystick are used for this particular project work. Directional interface is needed to map of particular directions of the movement of vehicle on the controller. Subrt, Zhu and Kolstad (2014) stated that into analog joystick, there is no variable output. It states that when the user pressed the button, then maximum output is get. Gil et al. (2013) argued that into resistance joystick, the lever is being fixed at single point based on ball and socket joint that provides lever its two degree of the freedom. This joystick is based on resistance phenomenon. When there is variation of re sistance, then a variable output is get. Kim and Kim (2016) stated that among the two types of joystick, resistance joystick is considered as most compatible into this steering system, therefore resistance joystick is selected. Miyamoto et al. (2014) demonstrated that steering system is used of joystick for controlling the movement of vehicle with use of RF transmission. The receiver circuit of the steering system includes of RF receiver which is connected to the microcontroller circuit in order to read the RF commands. Microcontroller is used to process the commands and operate the motor for achieving desired movement of the vehicle. Moazzam et al. (2016) stated that the servo arrangement is being constructed for achieving steering control while the dc motors are being used to achieve of the movement of the motion. Therefore, steering mechanism vehicle is operated with use of RF joystick remote that is operated wirelessly (Sanders 2017). While use of the joystick, the developer ensures that the wheels of the device are pointed towards desired direction of the motion. Schmalfub et al. (2016) argued that it converts rotary motion of steering to angular turn of wheel. Research Question, Aim/Objectives and Sub-goals Research questions Following are the research questions: Does the steering system using joystick reduce effort for the disabled persons? Does resistance joystick is compatible for steering system? Research aims and sub-goals The aim of this research study is to provide the handicapped persons with steering system that is useful for them to drive their wheelchair. The proposed system also provides comfort to the driver as it reduces steering effort. By elimination of the steering wheel as well as column, the hazards are being overcome for the handicapped people from making any type of accidents. In order to complete the project study, following are the aims of the research: Determine the type of joystick used for the robotic vehicle with a steering mechanism Determine the rate of change of the steering angle which is controlled by the joystick Evaluation on reduction of effort for the handicapped people while they are driving wheel chair Research objectives Following are the research objectives of this particular study: To reduce of the effort of steering To convert the steering system into power steering system To drive the car effectively by the handicapped persons Theoretical Content/Methodology Electric power steering mechanism The selected project topic is analyzed by use of secondary data which is collected from the peer review journal article, magazines and others. At first, the researcher studied and analyzed working of the steering mechanism of the automobile steering system (Dols 2016). They studied different types of papers which are published in mechanical engineering field. Based on the selected research design such as descriptive design, it is easy to analyze minimum effort which is required for steering system of the automobile (Faria, Reis Lau 2014). Using this research design, it aims to gain details of the events that are occurred with providing of detailed description of selected topic. This design process defines detailed information on selected topic. The researcher selected proper research materials for the unit components and studied different type of properties of it (Kim Kim 2016). The proposed system performed trial in addition to analyze it. A conventional steering system is being a nalyzed with development of the steering system for benefit of handicapped person as it controls the direction of vehicle with turning the wheels of the steering (Zheng, Hu Yang 2016). The proposed system is working based on principle of electric power steering system. It consists of torque and ultrasonic sensor and actuator. Bean strength and wrar strength After analyzing of various research papers, the researcher performed some of the calculation to perform the study. The researcher calculates the values of spur gear as well as pinion pair for a gear ratio of 3. Bean strength is calculated as: b = (sut) / 3 and wrar strength is calculated as: dp = m* Zp. Into the steering system, joystick, motor as well as microcontroller is considered as the critical components for the system (Choroma?ski, Grabarek Koz?owski 2015). Those identified components have major control and version required for proposed system to function it properly. The joystick is the input of the microcontroller and it is considered as main control for the system. In this particular study, microcontroller is determining signal by means of joystick as compared to a level which is termed as look up table value (Subrt, Zhu Kolstad 2014). It provides with proper voltage level towards the motor. The motor is being attached towards the motor which support bracket. It is attac hed with the steering column of vehicle via use of machined motor adapter that is bolted to steering shaft. Hypothesis: Hypothesis for the research study: Research Question Hypothesis 1. Does the steering system using joystick reduce effort for the disabled persons? H1: The steering system reduces the effort of the disabled persons when the steering is replaced by joystick. 2. Does resistance joystick is compatible for steering system? H2: Resistance joystick is highly compatible for the steering system. Experimental Set-up Driving simulator experiment A driving simulator experiments is being conducted in order to investigate the design features of the joystick system which is used to control the vehicle parts such as accelerator, brake with steering (Strenge, Sieburg Schmidt 2016). The design of joystick is developed and tested by two factors: degree of interference among lateral and longitudinal control followed by feedback from the driver. The handicapped people are participated into the experiment those are paralyzed in the legs and most of them have degraded function in arms as well as hands. A driving simulator is used to investigate the properties of driver (Faria, Reis Lau 2014). It consists of virtual reality display which offers with projected image of the path of road, torque feedback steering vehicle with essential sensors and vehicle model running into real time. Steer angle and driver torque measurements Electrical power steering hardware gives with steer angle as well as driver torque measurements. It is sent towards the vehicle model with use of controller area network bus. The proposed model returns the torque demand signal to Electrical power steering in order to suggest of the steering feel (Schmalfub et al. 2016). Calculations Simulator is made of use of MATLAB as well as toolbox such as Simulink and virtual reality. The model of the vehicle is being implemented with use of Simulink. Basically, this experiment is conducted with a purpose to study effects due to increased experiences with the joysticks (Choroma?ski, Grabarek Koz?owski 2015). The drivers are used of right hand in order to control accelerator as well as brake. Results, Outcome and Relevance Joystick drive system enables the handicapped people for driving the car by hand with seating on an electrical wheelchair. The operation of joystick is towards back and front direction with acceleration of the car while the car is on left as well as right direction turns the steering wheel (Riefe Schulz 2017). The handicapped person is not required to change the seat from wheelchair to car seat. When the system is fault, maintenance of the system is required by moving gas as well as brake pedals by means of mechanical linkage that is connected to the lever of joystick. Steering wheel is being turned by electric motor that is controlled by microcontroller system (Saha et al. 2015). It is analyzed that steering angle is used to track reference angle provided by the joystick. In order to understand the joystick drive system with wheelchair seating, steering drive mechanism is being designed that consists of DC motor, potentiometer for detection of angle and gears for purpose of transmi ssion. Most of the cars are equipped with power steering system that will reduce steering operational power of the human drivers (Miyamoto et al. 2014). Therefore, the proposed system is utilized of power steering system to appreciate the joystick car drive system with least capacity of the motor. A type of prototype mechanism is being mounted on cockpit of the car of real van and it is tested dependability of the projected joystick controlled wheelchair system. Project Planning and Gantt Chart The milestone and deliverables to execute the project study is as follows: Milestone Expected Deliverable Milestone 1: Completion of project preparation Set up of the equipments Milestone 2: Completion of research methodology Calibration of the equipments Experimental execution Analysis of the data Statistical analysis Milestone 3: Completion of project documentation Final report Final project preparation Figure 1: Gantt chart (Source: Created by author) Conclusions It is concluded that the handicapped person have less strength in the hand so as to drive the car. Conventional steering system has provided power to the person so that they can drive the car. It is also analyzed that using the joystick in the steering will eliminate the effort which is required among the man to drive. The proposed system is installed into the car as a secondary system. Dependency of the handicapped person on other is also reduced by means of utilizing the proposed joystick system. The purpose of this study is to provide control to the vehicle throughout joystick for the physically handicapped. It is required to response to operation of joystick that is accounted for steering, acceleration as well as braking patterns that is considered as natural for the human brain. The first consideration that is provided for accommodation through the control system is interface of human with steering operations of vehicle. References Bowman, J., Waller, T., Chin, T. Polzin, J., Deere Company, 2015.Method and apparatus for ride control activation. U.S. Patent 9,055,719. Choroma?ski, W., Grabarek, I. Koz?owski, M., 2015. Simulation and experimental study of selected parameters of the multifunction steering wheel in the view of users abilities and accuracy of vehicle maneuvers.Procedia Manufacturing,3, pp.3085-3091. Crombez, D.S., Ford Global Technologies, Llc, 2015.Vehicle control system and method. U.S. Patent 8,942,889. Dols, J.F., 2016. Towards a safer fitness to drive and driving ability assessment procedure with joystick. In17th International Conference Road Safety On Five Continents (RS5C 2016), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 17-19 May 2016. Statens vg-och transportforskningsinstitut. Faria, B.M., Reis, L.P. Lau, N., 2014. A survey on intelligent wheelchair prototypes and simulators. InNew Perspectives in Information Systems and Technologies, Volume 1(pp. 545-557). Springer, Cham. Gil, J.J., Daz, I., Ciurriz, P. Echeverra, M., 2013. New driving control system with haptic feedback: Design and preliminary validation tests.Transportation research part C: emerging technologies,33, pp.22-36. Kim, Y. Kim, Y., 2016. Driving Performance of Adaptive Driving Controls using Drive-by-Wire Technology for People with Disabilities.Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea,35(1). Miyamoto, H., Nabekura, K., Okajima, H. Matsunaga, N., 2014, August. Steering control of piggyback type wheelchair using avoidance intension detected by weight shift. InAdvanced Mechatronic Systems (ICAMechS), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 330-335). IEEE. Moazzam, H., Farooq, U., Rafiq, F., Asad, M.U. Abbas, G., 2016, August. Design and construction of mobility assistive hybrid automobile for impaired persons. InInnovative Computing Technology (INTECH), 2016 Sixth International Conference on(pp. 150-154). IEEE. Naboulsi, M.A., Act-Ip, 2017.Safety control system for apps in vehicles. U.S. Patent 9,713,994. Rosenberg, L.B., Immersion Corporation, 2017.Haptic remote control for toys. U.S. Patent 9,625,905. Saha, C., Goswami, D., Saha, S., Konar, A., Lekova, A. Nagar, A.K., 2015, August. A novel gesture driven fuzzy interface system for car racing game. InFuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), 2015 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Sanders, D.A., 2017. Using self-reliance factors to decide how to share control between human powered wheelchair drivers and ultrasonic sensors.IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering,25(8), pp.1221-1229. Schmalfub, L., Rupp, R., Tuga, M.R., Kogut, A., Hewitt, M., Meincke, J., Klinker, F., Duttenhoefer, W., Eck, U., Mikut, R. Reischl, M., 2016. Steer by ear: Myoelectric auricular control of powered wheelchairs for individuals with spinal cord injury.Restorative neurology and neuroscience,34(1), pp.79-95. Strenge, B., Sieburg, S. Schmidt, L., 2016. Experimental comparison of sidestick steering configurations for an innovative electric two-wheel vehicle. InAdvances in Ergonomic Design of Systems, Products and Processes(pp. 313-326). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Subrt, M.C., Zhu, Y. Kolstad, O.C., Caterpillar Inc., 2014.Articulation control system having steering path tracking. U.S. Patent 8,807,261. Zheng, H., Hu, J. Yang, S., 2016.Variable steering ratio design for vehicle steer-by-wire system with joystick(No. 2016-01-0455). SAE Technical Paper.